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Carbon steel is an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon mass fraction of less than 2.11%. This steel has no special alloying elements and is sometimes called ordinary carbon steel or simply carbon steel. In carbon steel, in addition to the main components of iron and carbon, there are usually small amounts of other elements, such as silicon, manganese, sulfur and phosphorus and other impurities. The presence of these trace elements plays an important role in improving some properties of steel, such as increasing strength, hardness or improving processability.

According to different uses and characteristics, carbon steel can be further subdivided into several main categories:

Carbon structural steel: This kind of steel is mainly used in the manufacture of various mechanical parts and building components, they have good comprehensive mechanical properties (including high strength and good toughness), suitable for bearing large loads.

Carbon tool steel: Specifically designed to make cutting tools or other tool materials that require high wear resistance. Due to its high hardness and resistance to deformation, it is well suited as a choice for manufacturing items with sharp edges.

Free-cutting structural steel: A special type of carbon steel developed for applications where machinability is particularly required. By adding a small amount of elements such as lead to reduce the friction coefficient of the material, so that it is easier to form chips and reduce tool wear when it is machined by the machine.

In short, although they are all metal materials based on the iron-carbon binary system, different types of carbon steel show their unique advantages in practical applications due to their different composition ratios.