The grades of stainless steel

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The grades of stainless steel are mainly classified based on its microstructure, chemical composition and application characteristics. The following is a detailed classification and explanation integrating multiple sources:

I. Classification by organizational structure

Austenitic stainless steel

Features: Strong corrosion resistance, non-magnetic, good plasticity, and excellent welding performance.

Common models:

304 (06Cr19Ni10) : General-purpose type, used in food processing, medical devices, etc.

316 (06Cr17Ni12Mo2) : Contains molybdenum (Mo), resistant to chloride corrosion, and suitable for Marine and chemical environments.

321 (0Cr18Ni10Ti) : Titanium (Ti) added, resistant to weld corrosion, suitable for high-temperature welding.

Ferritic stainless steel

Characteristics: High chromium (Cr) content (15%-30%), resistant to chloride stress corrosion, but with relatively weak mechanical properties.

Common models:

430 (10Cr17) : Used for decoration and household appliances, such as car accessories and dishwashers.

409: Low-cost type, often used in car exhaust pipes.

Martensitic stainless steel

Characteristics: High carbon content, high strength and hardness, but poor corrosion resistance, requiring heat treatment.

Common models:

410 (1Cr13) : Good wear resistance, used for cutting tools and mechanical parts.

420 (2Cr13) : Tool grade, hardness up to 58HRC, like razor blades.

Duplex stainless steel (austenitic-ferritic)

Features: It combines the advantages of both austenite and ferrite, with excellent corrosion resistance and strength, and is suitable for the petroleum and chemical industries.

Typical model: 2205 (22Cr21Ni12N), resistant to pitting corrosion and stress corrosion.

Precipitation-hardening stainless steel

Features: Enhanced strength through aging treatment and excellent corrosion resistance.

Representative model: 17-4PH (04Cr13Ni8Mo2Al), used in aerospace and nuclear industries.

Ii. Classification by Chemical Composition (American ASTM Standard)

Iii. Compare with international standards

Iv. Suggestions for Grade Selection

High corrosion resistance requirements: 316 (containing molybdenum) or duplex stainless steel (such as 2205) is preferred.

High-temperature environment: 310S (resistant to oxidation) or 309S (heat-resistant).

Cost sensitive: 201/202 series (nickel-saving type) or 430 (ferrite).

High-strength requirements: martensitic (such as 420) or precipitation-hardening type (such as 17-4PH).

The above classification integrates international standards, component characteristics and typical applications. Specific selection should be based on the usage scenarios and performance requirements. For more detailed parameters (such as sulfur and phosphorus content, density), please refer to the specific product standards.

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