Knowledge of steel

Wire: common wire high wire rebar profile: I-beam, channel, Angle, square, heavy rail, high industrial steel, H-section, round steel, unequal Angle, flat steel, light rail gear steel, hexagon, heat-resistant steel rod, joint round steel, joint round steel, square pipe, carbon steel bearing, steel, carbon knot, round steel, stainless steel bearing, round steel, rectangular pipe, spring steel plate: Medium thick plate container plate medium plate carbon junction plate boiler plate low alloy plate pattern plate cold plate hot plate cold coiling plate hot coiling plate galvanized plate electrogalvanized plate electrogalvanized manganese coil plate stainless steel plate silicon steel sheet color coated plate color steel corrugated iron galvanized coil plate hot rolled strip steel pipe: Welded pipe stainless steel pipe hot galvanized pipe cold galvanized pipe seamless pipe spiral pipe hot rolled seamless metal materials: pig iron tinplate iron aluminum lead brass tin zinc, ferrous metals, steel and non-ferrous metals before introducing the classification of steel, a brief introduction to the basic concept of ferrous metals, steel and non-ferrous metals.

1. Ferrous metals refer to iron and iron alloys. Such as steel, pig iron alloy, cast iron and so on.

Steel and pig iron are based on iron, with carbon as the main added element of the alloy, collectively known as iron-carbon alloy. Pig iron refers to iron ore into a blast furnace smelting product, mainly used to make steel and castings.

Cast pig iron is smelted in a cupola to obtain cast iron (liquid), which is cast into castings. This kind of cast iron is called cast iron. Ferroalloy is an alloy composed of iron and silicon, manganese, chromium, titanium and other elements. Ferroalloy is one of the raw materials of steelmaking. It is used as a deoxidizer and alloying element additive in steelmaking.

2. Put the pig iron in the steelmaking furnace and melt it according to a certain process, that is, steel is obtained. Steel products include ingot, continuous casting billet and direct casting into various steel castings.

Usually said steel, generally refers to rolled into a variety of steel. Steel is a ferrous metal but steel is not exactly a ferrous metal.

3. Non-ferrous metals, also known as non-ferrous metals, refer to metals and alloys other than black metals, such as copper, tin, lead, zinc, aluminum, brass, bronze, aluminum alloy and bearing alloys. In addition, chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, vanadium, tungsten, titanium and so on are also used in the industry. These metals are mainly used as alloy additions to improve the performance of metals. Tungsten, titanium, molybdenum and so on are mostly used in the production of hard alloy for cutting tools.

These nonferrous metals are called industrial metals. In addition, there are precious metals: platinum, gold, silver, and rare metals, including radioactive uranium and radium. Steel is an iron-carbon alloy with carbon content between 0.04%-2.3%.

In order to ensure toughness and plasticity, the carbon content is generally no more than 1.7%. In addition to iron and carbon, the main elements of steel are silicon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, etc.

There are a variety of classification methods for steel, and the main methods are as follows: 1, classification by quality (1) ordinary steel (P≤0.045%,S≤0.050%) (2) high quality steel (P,S≤ 0.035%) (3) high quality steel (P≤0.035%,S≤0.030%) 2, classification by chemical composition (1) carbon steel: a. Mild steel (C≤0.25%); b. Medium carbon steel (C≤0.25~0.60%); c. High carbon steel (C≤0.60%). (2) Alloy steel: a. Low alloy steel (total alloying element content ≤5%) b. Medium alloy steel (total alloying element content > 5~10%) c. High alloy steel (total alloying element content > 10%).

3, according to the forming method classification: (1) forging steel; (2) cast steel; (3) hot rolled steel; (4) cold drawn steel. 4, according to the classification of metallographic structure (1) annealed state of a. hypoeutectoid steel (ferritic + pearlite) b. Eutectoid steel (pearlite) c. Hypereutectoid steel (pearlite + cementite) d. Letenite steel (pearlite + cementite)

(2) normalizing: a. pearlite steel; b. Bainitic steel; c. Martensitic steel; d. austenitic steel. (3) No phase transition or partial phase transition 5, classification by use (1) Construction and engineering steel: a. Ordinary carbon structural steel; b. Low alloy structural steel; c. Reinforcing steel.

(2) Structural steel A. Steel for mechanical manufacturing: (a) tempered structural steel; (b) Surface hardened structural steel: including carburizing steel, ammoniating steel and surface hardening steel; (c) easily cut structural steel; (d) Steel for cold plastic forming: including steel for cold stamping and cold heading. b. Spring steel c. Bearing steel (3) Tool steel: a. Carbon tool steel; b. Alloy tool steel; c. High speed tool steel.

(4) Special performance steel: a. stainless acid resistant steel b. Heat resistant steel including oxidation resistant steel, heat strength steel, valve steel c. Electrothermal alloy steel; d. Wear-resistant steel; e. Steel for low temperature; (5) Specialized steel -- such as steel for Bridges, ships, boilers, pressure vessels, agricultural machinery, etc. 6, comprehensive classification (1) ordinary steel A. carbon structural steel: (a) Q195; (b) Q215(A, B); (c) Q235(A, B, C); (d) Q255(A, B); (e) Q275.

b. Low alloy structural steel c. Ordinary structural steel for specific purposes (2) High quality steel (including high quality steel) a. Structural steel: (a) high-quality carbon structural steel; (b) alloy structural steel; (c) Spring steel; (d) Easy cutting steel; (e) Bearing steel; (f) quality structural steel for specific purposes. b. Tool steel: (a) carbon tool steel; (b) alloy tool steel; (c) High speed tool steel.

c. Steel with special properties: (a) stainless and acid-resistant steel; (b) heat-resistant steel; (c) electrothermal alloy steel; (d) Steel for electrical purposes; (e) High manganese wear-resisting steel. 7. Classification by smelting method (1) by furnace type A. Open hearth steel: (a) acid open hearth steel; (b) basic open-hearth steel.

b. Converter steel: (a) acid converter steel; (b) basic converter steel. Or (a) bottom blown converter steel; (b) side-blown converter steel; (c) Top blown converter steel.

c. electric furnace steel: (a) electric arc furnace steel; (b) electroslag steel; (c) induction furnace steel; (d) vacuum consumable furnace steel; (e) electron beam furnace steel. (2) According to the degree of deoxidation and pouring system, a. boiling steel; b. Semi-killed steel; c. Killed steel; d. Special kill steel.